{"id":2837,"date":"2022-11-09T17:38:17","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T01:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia&amp;p=2837"},"modified":"2022-11-09T17:38:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T01:38:17","slug":"mikraot-gedolot","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot","title":{"rendered":"Mikraot Gedolot"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &ldquo;Rabbinic Bible&rdquo; or Tanach with multiple commentaries printed on the page alongside the text. Mikra (&ldquo;scripture&rdquo; or &ldquo;verse&rdquo;) refers in Hebrew to Kitvei Kodesh, writings that have sanctity, either as a whole (the way we use the terms Tanach or Bible) or in part (the way we use the terms pasuk or verse). Mikraot Gedolot, literally &ldquo;the Great Scriptures,&rdquo; is the name by which the multi-commentarial Rabbinic Bible has been known since its first printing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collection-items\/the-great-rabbinic-bible\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"196\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Title-Page-of-Second-Bomberg-Rabbinic-Bible-1523-4-edited-196x300.jpg\" alt=\"Title page of the Bomberg Second Rabbinic Bible (1524-5)\" class=\"wp-image-2853\" srcset=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Title-Page-of-Second-Bomberg-Rabbinic-Bible-1523-4-edited-196x300.jpg 196w, http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Title-Page-of-Second-Bomberg-Rabbinic-Bible-1523-4-edited.jpg 306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Title page of the Bomberg Second Rabbinic Bible (1524-5).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mikraot Gedolot appeared in two extremely important early editions, published by the prominent (Christian) printer Daniel Bomberg in Venice in the early 16th century. The Dutch Bomberg (1483&ndash;1549) received the required permission from the Pope in 1516 to print Hebrew books, a privilege granted to few; no Jewish printer would be permitted to create an edition of Tanach until the 20th century. (This perennially excellent edition is available today as the <a href=\"https:\/\/korenpub.com\/collections\/the-koren-classic-tanakh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Koren Tanach<\/a>, which retains the particularities of the Jewish scribal tradition and Masora.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bomberg, whose printing press also produced a singularly significant complete edition of the <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=talmud\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Commonly refers to the Talmud Bavli, meaning the Mishnah (redacted Oral Law) with the Gemara (commentary) as redacted in Bavel (Babylon). It is also called by the acronym Shas, referring to the six orders (sedarim, sing. seder) into which the tractates (massekhtot, sing. massekhet) of the Mishnah and Gemara on it are divided. Today, there&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Talmud<\/a> (1520-1523), chose an edition of the Hebrew Bible as one of his first ventures. The First Rabbinic Bible, edited by the Felix Pratensis, a Jewish convert to Christianity, appeared in 1516-1517. A much improved (though still error-ridden) Second Rabbinic Bible was published in 1524-1525 under the editorship of Yaakov ben Chaim Ibn Adoniyahu, also a Jew who converted to Christianity, though some time after he edited the Second Rabbinic Bible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Bomberg Rabbinic Bibles included the Masoretic text of Tanach (with vowelization and cantillation marks), Masoretic notes, Targum, and commentaries. Different commentators were selected for each book of Tanach, but <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rashi\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rashi - R. Shlomo Yitzchaki | &#1512;&#1513;&quot;&#1497; - &#1512;' &#1513;&#1500;&#1502;&#1492; &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511;&#1497; (c. 1040-1105, Troyes, northern France) is among the foremost Talmud and Tanach commentators, ushering in the classical period of line commentaries on foundational texts. He studied in the yeshivot of the Rhineland Valley (Mainz and Worms), the first centers of Jewish life in medieval&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rashi<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=ibn-ezra-2\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Avraham Ibn Ezra | &#1512;' &#1488;&#1489;&#1512;&#1492;&#1501; &#1488;&#1489;&#1503; &#1506;&#1494;&#1512;&#1488; - &#1512;&#1488;&#1489;&quot;&#1506; was born in 1089 in Tudela, Spain and died 1164 in northern Europe, possibly England. He is best known for his commentary on Tanach, in which he brings into Hebrew the fruits of generations of Sefardi philological and contextual (peshat) Biblical exegesis. However, he was&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Ibn Ezra<\/a> appear throughout. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See better images of the British Library&rsquo;s copy of the Second Rabbinic Bible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collection-items\/the-great-rabbinic-bible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The &#8220;Rabbinic Bible&#8221; or Tanach with multiple commentaries printed on the page alongside the text. Mikra (&#8220;scripture&#8221; or &#8220;verse&#8221;) refers in Hebrew to Kitvei Kodesh, writings that have sanctity, either as a whole (the way we use the terms Tanach or Bible) or in part (the way we use the terms pasuk or verse). Mikraot [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"wp-custom-template-knowledgebase-entry","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"encyclopedia-tag":[127,161,178,215,222,223,228],"class_list":["post-2837","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","encyclopedia-tag-16th-century","encyclopedia-tag-early-hebrew-printing","encyclopedia-tag-masora","encyclopedia-tag-tanach-commentary","encyclopedia-tag-torah","encyclopedia-tag-torah-commentary","encyclopedia-tag-works"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The &#8220;Rabbinic Bible&#8221; or Tanach with multiple commentaries printed on the page alongside the text. Mikra (&#8220;scripture&#8221; or &#8220;verse&#8221;) refers in Hebrew to Kitvei Kodesh, writings that have sanctity, either as a whole (the way we use the terms Tanach or Bible) or in part (the way we use the terms pasuk or verse). Mikraot [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tamar Marvin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot\",\"name\":\"Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-10T01:38:17+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Encyclopedia\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?post_type=encyclopedia\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Mikraot Gedolot\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tamar Marvin\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin","og_description":"The &#8220;Rabbinic Bible&#8221; or Tanach with multiple commentaries printed on the page alongside the text. Mikra (&#8220;scripture&#8221; or &#8220;verse&#8221;) refers in Hebrew to Kitvei Kodesh, writings that have sanctity, either as a whole (the way we use the terms Tanach or Bible) or in part (the way we use the terms pasuk or verse). Mikraot [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot","og_site_name":"Tamar Marvin","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":1080,"url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot","url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot","name":"Mikraot Gedolot - Tamar Marvin","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","datePublished":"2022-11-10T01:38:17+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","width":1080,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=mikraot-gedolot#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Encyclopedia","item":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Mikraot Gedolot"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/","name":"Tamar Marvin","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/2837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fencyclopedia-tag&post=2837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}