{"id":367,"date":"2020-07-14T16:57:01","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T23:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia&amp;p=367"},"modified":"2020-07-14T16:57:01","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T23:57:01","slug":"responsa","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=responsa","title":{"rendered":"Responsa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sheelot u-teshuvot &ndash; shu&rdquo;t &ndash; &#1513;&#1488;&#1500;&#1493;&#1514; &#1493;&#1514;&#1513;&#1493;&#1489;&#1493;&#1514; &ndash; &#1513;&#1493;&rdquo;&#1514;<\/strong> &ndash; A major genre of halachic literature recording questions (<em>sheelot<\/em>) and answers (<em>teshuvot<\/em>) that give <em>pesak halakhah<\/em> (practical halakhic rulings). There is a voluminous literature of responsa beginning in the period of the <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=geonim\" target=\"_self\" title='&#1490;&#1488;&#1493;&#1504;&#1497;&#1501; - sing. &#1490;&#1488;&#1493;&#1503; (Gaon) - the formal title of the head of one of the yeshivot (academies) of Bavel (Babylon, or present-day Iraq), which was also known as Rosh Yeshiva (Gaon Yaakov) or Reish Metivta. The office itself is referred to as the gaonate and stood in contrast to the Reish Galuta, \"Head of&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">Geonim<\/a> and continuing till today. Earlier collections of responsa may have details removed or abbreviated, and may be anonymous or attributed to a given posek (decisor). Responsa (sing. responsum) functions as case law in halachic decision making. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"selected-responsa-of-the-rishonim\">Selected responsa of the Rishonim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Shu&rdquo;t ha-<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rif\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rav Yitzchak Alfasi - &#1512;' &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511; &#1488;&#1500;&#1508;&#1505;(&#1497;) - known as the Rif (1013&ndash;1103), author of the immensely important Halachot ha-Rif, a proto-code and abridgement of the legal portions of the Talmud. The Rif was born in Algeria, studying in Qayrawan (Kairouan), and established himself in Fez, though he was impelled to flee and made his&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rif<\/a> <\/em>&ndash; R. Yitzhak al-Fasi (<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rif\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rav Yitzchak Alfasi - &#1512;' &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511; &#1488;&#1500;&#1508;&#1505;(&#1497;) - known as the Rif (1013&ndash;1103), author of the immensely important Halachot ha-Rif, a proto-code and abridgement of the legal portions of the Talmud. The Rif was born in Algeria, studying in Qayrawan (Kairouan), and established himself in Fez, though he was impelled to flee and made his&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rif<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teshuvot <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rashi\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rashi - R. Shlomo Yitzchaki | &#1512;&#1513;&quot;&#1497; - &#1512;' &#1513;&#1500;&#1502;&#1492; &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511;&#1497; (c. 1040-1105, Troyes, northern France) is among the foremost Talmud and Tanach commentators, ushering in the classical period of line commentaries on foundational texts. He studied in the yeshivot of the Rhineland Valley (Mainz and Worms), the first centers of Jewish life in medieval&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rashi<\/a> &ndash; R. Shelomo b. Yitzhak (<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rashi\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rashi - R. Shlomo Yitzchaki | &#1512;&#1513;&quot;&#1497; - &#1512;' &#1513;&#1500;&#1502;&#1492; &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511;&#1497; (c. 1040-1105, Troyes, northern France) is among the foremost Talmud and Tanach commentators, ushering in the classical period of line commentaries on foundational texts. He studied in the yeshivot of the Rhineland Valley (Mainz and Worms), the first centers of Jewish life in medieval&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rashi<\/a>) &ndash; these are preserved not in book form but in other texts, especially <em>Machzor Vitry<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Sefer ha-Yashar<\/em> (section of teshuvot) &ndash; Rabbenu Tam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teshuvot Rambam &ndash; R. Moshe b. Maimon (Rambam\/Maimonides) &ndash; also collected from various sources<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Temim De&rsquo;im<\/em> &ndash; R. Avraham b. David of Posqui&egrave;res, (southern) France (Raavad)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot Maharam of Rothenberg<\/em> &ndash; R. Meir b. Barukh (Maharam) of Rothenberg, Germany<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot ha-Rosh<\/em> &ndash; R. Asher b. Yechiel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot ha-<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rashba\" target=\"_self\" title=\"&#1512;&#1513;&#1489;&quot;&#1488; - &#1512;' &#1513;&#1500;&#1502;&#1492; &#1489;&#1503; &#1488;&#1489;&#1512;&#1492;&#1501; &#1488;&#1489;&#1503; &#1488;&#1491;&#1512;&#1514; - R. Shlomo b. Avraham Ibn Adret (c. 1235 to c. 1310, Barcelona), was a major Sefardi posek (decisor), the successor of Ramban, with whom he studied, although his principal teacher was Rabbenu Yonah (b. Avraham Gerondi). Rashba was himself the teacher of celebrated pupils, including the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rashba<\/a><\/em> &ndash; R. Shelomo b. Avraham Ibn Adret<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot ha-<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=ritva\" target=\"_self\" title=\"R. Yom Tov ben Avraham Ishvili (&quot;of Seville&quot;) - &#1512;&#1497;&#1496;&#1489;&quot;&#1488; - &#1512;' &#1497;&#1493;&#1501; &#1496;&#1493;&#1489; &#1489;&#1503; &#1488;&#1489;&#1512;&#1492;&#1501; &#1488;&#1513;&#1489;&#1497;&#1500;&#1497; (c. 1250&ndash;1330) is one of the foremost Sefardi commentators on the Talmud. Life Though his family was apparently from Seville in southern Spain, Ritva is associated with Zaragoza (Saragossa) in Aragon, where he was a dayan (rabbinical court&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Ritva<\/a><\/em> &ndash; R. Yom-Tov Ishbili (Asvili)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Shu&rdquo;t ha-Ran<\/em> &ndash; R. Nissim b. Reuven of Girona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Sefer Tashbetz<\/em> &ndash; R. Shim&rsquo;on b. Tzemach Duran (<a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rashba\" target=\"_self\" title=\"&#1512;&#1513;&#1489;&quot;&#1488; - &#1512;' &#1513;&#1500;&#1502;&#1492; &#1489;&#1503; &#1488;&#1489;&#1512;&#1492;&#1501; &#1488;&#1489;&#1503; &#1488;&#1491;&#1512;&#1514; - R. Shlomo b. Avraham Ibn Adret (c. 1235 to c. 1310, Barcelona), was a major Sefardi posek (decisor), the successor of Ramban, with whom he studied, although his principal teacher was Rabbenu Yonah (b. Avraham Gerondi). Rashba was himself the teacher of celebrated pupils, including the&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rashba<\/a>tz)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot Maharil<\/em> &ndash; R. Ya&rsquo;akov b. Moshe Moelin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Terumat ha-Deshen<\/em> &ndash; R. Yisrael Isserlein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"selected-responsa-of-the-acharonim\">Selected responsa of the Acharonim <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Teshuvot Radbaz<\/em> &ndash; R. David Ibn Abi Zimra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot Maharshal<\/em> &ndash; R. Shelomo Luria<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot Rema<\/em> &ndash; R. Moshe Isserles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Bayit Chadash (Bach)<\/em> &ndash; R. Yoel Sirkis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Chavot Yair<\/em> &ndash; R. Yair Bacharach<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Chacham Tzevi<\/em> &ndash; R. Tzvi Ashkenazi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Noda&rsquo; bi-Yehudah<\/em> &ndash; R. Yechezkel Landau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Shu&rdquo;t Chatam Sofer<\/em> &ndash; R. Moshe Schreiber<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Teshuvot Maharam Schick<\/em> &ndash; R. Moshe Schick<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Torah Li-Shemah<\/em> &ndash; Ben Ish Chai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Mishpat Kohen, Da&rsquo;at Kohen <\/em>&ndash; Rav Kook (Raayah)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Mishpatei Uziel<\/em> &ndash; Ben-Zion Meir Chai Uziel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Mekor Chayyim<\/em> &ndash; R. Chayyim David Halevi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Iggerot Moshe<\/em> &ndash; R. Moshe Feinstein<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Tzitz Eliezer<\/em> &ndash; R. Eliezer Waldenberg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Minchat Yitzhak<\/em> &ndash; R. Yitzhok Ya&rsquo;akov Weiss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Yabi&rsquo;a Omer<\/em> and <em>Yechaveh Da&rsquo;at<\/em> &ndash; R. Ovadiah Yosef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sheelot u-teshuvot &#8211; shu&#8221;t &#8211; \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea &#8211; \u05e9\u05d5&#8221;\u05ea &#8211; A major genre of halachic literature recording questions (sheelot) and answers (teshuvot) that give pesak halakhah (practical halakhic rulings). There is a voluminous literature of responsa beginning in the period of the Geonim and continuing till today. Earlier collections of responsa may have details removed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"wp-custom-template-knowledgebase-entry","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"encyclopedia-tag":[167,172,191,209,228],"class_list":["post-367","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","encyclopedia-tag-geonim","encyclopedia-tag-halacha","encyclopedia-tag-pesak","encyclopedia-tag-shut","encyclopedia-tag-works"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Responsa - Tamar Marvin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=responsa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Responsa - Tamar Marvin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sheelot u-teshuvot &#8211; shu&#8221;t &#8211; \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea &#8211; \u05e9\u05d5&#8221;\u05ea &#8211; A major genre of halachic literature recording questions (sheelot) and answers (teshuvot) that give pesak halakhah (practical halakhic rulings). 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