{"id":368,"date":"2020-07-15T14:13:10","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T21:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia&amp;p=368"},"modified":"2020-07-15T14:13:10","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T21:13:10","slug":"rosh","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh","title":{"rendered":"The Rosh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#1512;&rsquo; &#1488;&#1513;&#1512; &#1489;&#1503; &#1497;&#1495;&#1497;&#1488;&#1500; &ndash; &#1512;&#1488;&rdquo;&#1513;<\/strong> &ndash;  <strong>R. Asher b. Yechiel <\/strong>(c. 1250-1327) &ndash; Primarily known for his <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=responsa\" target=\"_self\" title='Sheelot u-teshuvot - shu\"t - &#1513;&#1488;&#1500;&#1493;&#1514; &#1493;&#1514;&#1513;&#1493;&#1489;&#1493;&#1514; - &#1513;&#1493;\"&#1514; - A major genre of halachic literature recording questions (sheelot) and answers (teshuvot) that give pesak halakhah (practical halakhic rulings). There is a voluminous literature of responsa beginning in the period of the Geonim and continuing till today. Earlier collections of responsa may have details removed&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">responsa<\/a>, Rosh was already an acknowledged leader of German Jewry when he fled persecution, settling in Toledo, Castile (in present-day Spain). The Rosh&rsquo;s immigration from Ashkenaz to Sefarad was impactful in bringing knowledge and methods of learning from the latter to the former, especially the work of the Tosafot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Rosh himself was the descendant of Chasidei Ashkenaz, an important 12th-13th century pietistic movement. While in Ashkenaz, Rosh lived in Cologne, as well as elsewhere in the Rhineland, notably Worms, and probably <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=tzarfat\" target=\"_self\" title=\"&#1510;&#1512;&#1508;&#1514; - The Jewish community of northern France in the medieval period, part of greater Ashkenaz but known as Tzarfat in its own right. The name is taken from Ovadia 1:20, from which the term Sefarad is also drawn. With centers in Paris, Troyes, Rouen, Ramerupt, &Eacute;vreux, Corbeil, Sens, Dampierre, Coucy, and other towns, this&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Tzarfat<\/a>, northern France. He studied under Maharam of Rothenberg, eventually fleeing after his teacher&rsquo;s imprisonment and the Rindfleisch massacres of 1298, anti-Jewish riots that swept through Germany in that year. In 1303 he began his journey, apparently with his family, to Sefarad, via Italy and <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=provence\" target=\"_self\" title=\"The term used by Jews to refer to the Jewish communities of what is today the southern third of modern France, encompassing the regions today called Provence, Languedoc, and the Rousillon. Major cities of Jewish Provence in the medieval period include Narbonne, Lunel, B&eacute;ziers, Montpellier, Perpignan, and Avignon, among others that where home to renowned&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Provence<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rosh settled in Toledo, where his son, the Tur (R. Ya&rsquo;akov b. Asher), continued his Ashkenazi-Sefardi legacy, becoming famed as Ba&rsquo;al ha-Turim, the author of the code of law <em>Arba&rsquo;ah Turim<\/em>. Rosh is known for writing a code of <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=talmud\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Commonly refers to the Talmud Bavli, meaning the Mishnah (redacted Oral Law) with the Gemara (commentary) as redacted in Bavel (Babylon). It is also called by the acronym Shas, referring to the six orders (sedarim, sing. seder) into which the tractates (massekhtot, sing. massekhet) of the Mishnah and Gemara on it are divided. Today, there&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Talmud<\/a>ic rulings, modeled after the <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rif\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Rav Yitzchak Alfasi - &#1512;' &#1497;&#1510;&#1495;&#1511; &#1488;&#1500;&#1508;&#1505;(&#1497;) - known as the Rif (1013&ndash;1103), author of the immensely important Halachot ha-Rif, a proto-code and abridgement of the legal portions of the Talmud. The Rif was born in Algeria, studying in Qayrawan (Kairouan), and established himself in Fez, though he was impelled to flee and made his&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">Rif<\/a>&rsquo;s, called <em>Piskei ha-Rosh<\/em> or <em>Hilkhot ha-Rosh<\/em>. He is also noted as an author of voluminous <a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=responsa\" target=\"_self\" title='Sheelot u-teshuvot - shu\"t - &#1513;&#1488;&#1500;&#1493;&#1514; &#1493;&#1514;&#1513;&#1493;&#1489;&#1493;&#1514; - &#1513;&#1493;\"&#1514; - A major genre of halachic literature recording questions (sheelot) and answers (teshuvot) that give pesak halakhah (practical halakhic rulings). There is a voluminous literature of responsa beginning in the period of the Geonim and continuing till today. Earlier collections of responsa may have details removed&hellip;' class=\"encyclopedia\">responsa<\/a> and of the ethical work <em>Hanhaggot ha-Rosh <\/em>(also called <em>Orchot Chayyim<\/em>)<span id=\"easy-footnote-1-368\" class=\"easy-footnote-margin-adjust\"><\/span><span class=\"easy-footnote\"><a href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#easy-footnote-bottom-1-368\" title='Two recent editions &lt;a href=\"https:\/\/hebrewbooks.org\/33476\"&gt;here&lt;\/a&gt; and &lt;a href=\"https:\/\/hebrewbooks.org\/51231\"&gt;here&lt;\/a&gt;.'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span>, which was later much studied in the Lithuanian Musar movement of the 19th-20th centuries. In addition to these, some lost or unpublished, are the Rosh&rsquo;s commentaries and Tosafot (to which he added the teachings of his teacher, Maharam). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05e8&#8217; \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc &#8211; \u05e8\u05d0&#8221;\u05e9 &#8211; R. Asher b. Yechiel (c. 1250-1327) &#8211; Primarily known for his responsa, Rosh was already an acknowledged leader of German Jewry when he fled persecution, settling in Toledo, Castile (in present-day Spain). The Rosh&#8217;s immigration from Ashkenaz to Sefarad was impactful in bringing knowledge and methods of learning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"wp-custom-template-knowledgebase-entry","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"encyclopedia-tag":[201,206,207,221,124,226,125,148,156,168,184,200],"class_list":["post-368","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","encyclopedia-tag-rif","encyclopedia-tag-sefarad","encyclopedia-tag-sefardi","encyclopedia-tag-toledo","encyclopedia-tag-13th-century","encyclopedia-tag-tur","encyclopedia-tag-14th-century","encyclopedia-tag-ashkenazi","encyclopedia-tag-chasidei-ashkenaz","encyclopedia-tag-germany","encyclopedia-tag-musar","encyclopedia-tag-responsa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Rosh - Tamar Marvin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Rosh - Tamar Marvin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u05e8&#8217; \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc &#8211; \u05e8\u05d0&#8221;\u05e9 &#8211; R. Asher b. Yechiel (c. 1250-1327) &#8211; Primarily known for his responsa, Rosh was already an acknowledged leader of German Jewry when he fled persecution, settling in Toledo, Castile (in present-day Spain). The Rosh&#8217;s immigration from Ashkenaz to Sefarad was impactful in bringing knowledge and methods of learning [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tamar Marvin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh\",\"name\":\"The Rosh - Tamar Marvin\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-15T21:13:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?encyclopedia=rosh#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Encyclopedia\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?post_type=encyclopedia\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"The Rosh\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tamar Marvin\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/trmarvin.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Rosh - Tamar Marvin","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Rosh - Tamar Marvin","og_description":"\u05e8&#8217; \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc &#8211; \u05e8\u05d0&#8221;\u05e9 &#8211; R. Asher b. Yechiel (c. 1250-1327) &#8211; Primarily known for his responsa, Rosh was already an acknowledged leader of German Jewry when he fled persecution, settling in Toledo, Castile (in present-day Spain). The Rosh&#8217;s immigration from Ashkenaz to Sefarad was impactful in bringing knowledge and methods of learning [&hellip;]","og_url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh","og_site_name":"Tamar Marvin","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":1080,"url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh","url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh","name":"The Rosh - Tamar Marvin","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","datePublished":"2020-07-15T21:13:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Knowledgebase-Graphic-Optimized-1.png","width":1080,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?encyclopedia=rosh#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Encyclopedia","item":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?post_type=encyclopedia"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The Rosh"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/","name":"Tamar Marvin","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/trmarvin.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia\/368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/encyclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/encyclopedia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"encyclopedia-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/trmarvin.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fencyclopedia-tag&post=368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}