Tag: 19th century
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Achronim
אחרונים – Latter authorities, literally, “Last Ones,” meaning Torah scholars who lived after the compilation of the Shulchan ‘Arukh in 1563, and continuing on to the present day. The Achronim were preceded by the Rishonim, former authorities of “First Ones,” c. 1038 CE -1563; by the Geonim, c. 650-1038 CE; by Hazal, c. 250 BCE-625 […]
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Wissenschaft
Wissenschaft des Judentums—”the science of Judaism”—was a 19th-century movement in Central Europe towards the scientific, critical study of Jewish texts and subjects, which coalesced into academic Jewish studies taking place in secular Western universities alongside the study of other languages and cultures. Editions of texts as well as research produced by Wissenschaft figures continue to […]